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.
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C# language features¶
Esta página provee un resumen acerca de las características comunmente utilizadas en C# y Godot y cómo son usadas.
Conversión de tipo y casting¶
C# es un lenguaje estáticamente tipado, por lo tanto, no puedes hacer lo siguiente:
var mySprite = GetNode("MySprite");
mySprite.SetFrame(0);
The method GetNode()
returns a Node
instance.
You must explicitly convert it to the desired derived type, Sprite2D
in this case.
Para esto, hay varias opciones en C#.
Casting & Chequeo de Tipo
Throws InvalidCastException
if the returned node cannot be cast to Sprite2D.
You would use it instead of the as
operator if you are pretty sure it won't fail.
Sprite2D mySprite = (Sprite2D)GetNode("MySprite");
mySprite.SetFrame(0);
Utilizando el operador AS
The as
operator returns null
if the node cannot be cast to Sprite2D,
and for that reason, it cannot be used with value types.
Sprite2D mySprite = GetNode("MySprite") as Sprite2D;
// Only call SetFrame() if mySprite is not null
mySprite?.SetFrame(0);
Utilizando métodos genéricos
Los métodos genéricos se proveen para hacer la conversión de tipo transparente.
GetNode<T>()
realiza un casting del nodo antes de retornarlo. Lanzará una InvalidCastException
si el nodo no puede ser convertido al tipo deseado.
Sprite2D mySprite = GetNode<Sprite2D>("MySprite");
mySprite.SetFrame(0);
GetNodeOrNull<T>()
usa el operador as
y retornará null
si el nodo no puede ser convertido al tipo deseado.
Sprite2D mySprite = GetNodeOrNull<Sprite2D>("MySprite");
// Only call SetFrame() if mySprite is not null
mySprite?.SetFrame(0);
Chequeo de tipo usando el operador IS
To check if the node can be cast to Sprite2D, you can use the is
operator.
The is
operator returns false if the node cannot be cast to Sprite2D,
otherwise it returns true. Note that when the is
operator is used against null
the result is always going to be false
.
if (GetNode("MySprite") is Sprite2D)
{
// Yup, it's a Sprite2D!
}
if (null is Sprite2D)
{
// This block can never happen.
}
You can also declare a new variable to conditionally store the result of the cast
if the is
operator returns true
.
if (GetNode("MySprite") is Sprite2D mySprite)
{
// The mySprite variable only exists inside this block, and it's never null.
mySprite.SetFrame(0);
}
Para tipos avanzados de comprobaciones, puedes mirar Pattern Matching.
Defines de preprocesador¶
Godot tiene un conjunto de definiciones que le permiten cambiar su código C# dependiendo del entorno en el que esté compilando.
Nota
Si creaste tu proyecto antes de Godot 3.2, tienes que modificar o regenerar tu archivo csproj para usar esta característica (compara <DefineConstants>
con un nuevo proyecto 3.2+).
Ejemplos¶
Por ejemplo, puedes cambiar el código basado en la plataforma:
public override void _Ready()
{
#if GODOT_SERVER
// Don't try to load meshes or anything, this is a server!
LaunchServer();
#elif GODOT_32 || GODOT_MOBILE || GODOT_WEB
// Use simple objects when running on less powerful systems.
SpawnSimpleObjects();
#else
SpawnComplexObjects();
#endif
}
O puedes detectar en qué motor está tu código, útil para hacer bibliotecas de motores cruzados:
public void MyPlatformPrinter()
{
#if GODOT
GD.Print("This is Godot.");
#elif UNITY_5_3_OR_NEWER
print("This is Unity.");
#else
throw new NotSupportedException("Only Godot and Unity are supported.");
#endif
}
Or you can write scripts that target multiple Godot versions and take advantage of features that are only available on some of those versions:
public void UseCoolFeature()
{
#if GODOT4_3_OR_GREATER || GODOT4_2_2_OR_GREATER
// Use CoolFeature, that was added to Godot in 4.3 and cherry-picked into 4.2.2, here.
#else
// Use a workaround for the absence of CoolFeature here.
#endif
}
A continuación está la lista completa de hints¶
"GODOT" siempre está definido para los proyectos de Godot.
TOOLS
is defined when building with the Debug configuration (editor and editor player).GODOT_REAL_T_IS_DOUBLE
is defined when theGodotFloat64
property is set totrue
.Uno de
GODOT_64
oGODOT_32
se define dependiendo de si la arquitectura es de 64 o 32 bits.One of
GODOT_LINUXBSD
,GODOT_WINDOWS
,GODOT_OSX
,GODOT_ANDROID
,GODOT_IOS
,GODOT_HTML5
, orGODOT_SERVER
depending on the OS. These names may change in the future. These are created from theget_name()
method of the OS singleton, but not every possible OS the method returns is an OS that Godot with .NET runs on.GODOTX
,GODOTX_Y
,GODOTX_Y_Z
,GODOTx_OR_GREATER
,GODOTX_y_OR_GREATER
, andGODOTX_Y_z_OR_GREATER
, whereX
,Y
, andZ
are replaced by the current major, minor and patch version of Godot.x
,y
, andz
are replaced by all values from 0 to the current version number for that component.Nota
These defines were first added in Godot 4.0.4 and 4.1. Version defines for prior versions do not exist, regardless of the current Godot version.
For example: Godot 4.0.5 defines
GODOT4
,GODOT4_OR_GREATER
,GODOT4_0
,GODOT4_0_OR_GREATER
,GODOT4_0_5
,GODOT4_0_4_OR_GREATER
, andGODOT4_0_5_OR_GREATER
. Godot 4.3.2 definesGODOT4
,GODOT4_OR_GREATER
,GODOT4_3
,GODOT4_0_OR_GREATER
,GODOT4_1_OR_GREATER
,GODOT4_2_OR_GREATER
,GODOT4_3_OR_GREATER
,GODOT4_3_2
,GODOT4_3_0_OR_GREATER
,GODOT4_3_1_OR_GREATER
, andGODOT4_3_2_OR_GREATER
.
Cuando se exporta, también se puede definir lo siguiente dependiendo de las características de la exportación:
Una de
GODOT_PC
,GODOT_MOBILE
, oGODOT_WEB
dependiendo del tipo de plataforma.One of
GODOT_WINDOWS
,GODOT_LINUXBSD
,GODOT_MACOS
,GODOT_ANDROID
,GODOT_IOS
, orGODOT_WEB
depending on the platform.
Para ver un proyecto de ejemplo, revisa la demo de pruebas de SO: https://github.com/godotengine/godot-demo-projects/tree/master/misc/os_test